大豆对胞囊线虫(Heterodera glycines Ichinohe) 1号和4号生理小种抗性的遗传分析

大豆胞囊线虫(Heterodera glycines Ichinohe)是我国大豆的全国性主要病害之一。1号和4号生理小种是黄淮地区的优势小种。以Essex×ZDD2315、Peking×ZDD2315、PI88788×ZDD2226、Peking×ZDD2226的P₁、P₂、F₁、BC₁F₂为材料,用主基因＋多基因混合遗传模型分析大豆对胞囊线虫1号和4号生理小种抗性的遗传机制。结果表明,ZDD2315、ZDD2226对1号生理小种的抗性受主效基因控制,未发现多基因效应,且与Peking存在相同的抗病基因;抗性遗传表现组合特异性,Essex×ZDD2315组合为3对加性主基因遗传模型,主基因遗传率72.02%,PI88788×ZDD2226组合为2对显性上位主基因遗传模型,主基因遗传率62.33%。对4号生理小种的抗性为主基因＋多基因混合遗传模型,Essex×ZDD2315、Peking×ZDD2315、PI88788×ZDD2226等3个组合为3对主基因+多基因遗传模型,主基因遗传率分别为67.76%、72.46%和53.25%,多基因遗传率分别为24.48%、21.31%和35.77%;Peking×ZDD2226表现为2对主基因遗传模型,主基因遗传率45.40%。抗性基因表现为隐性,育种上可以在早代选择。培育多抗品种应以抗4号生理小种为主要目标进行基因聚合。     

小麦叶内杀菌剂含量对条锈病组分的定量影响

来源于澳大利亚的２５份麦类作物抗笥材料及中国８个省市的２２个小麦品种对禾谷胞囊线虫太谷群体的抗病性测定表明,６个由硬粒小麦的品种“Ｌａｎｇｄｏｎ”与节节麦的抗性材料为亲本合成的异源六倍体小麦均表现高抗;一些含有抗病基因Ｃｃｎ－１的品种,如Ｆｅｓｔｉｇｕａｙ和Ａｕｓ１０８９４等表现感病;其它来源于澳大利亚的６份燕麦及５份大麦材料也均高抗。     

施麦粒提高淡紫拟青霉对大豆孢囊线虫田间防效

 田间试验了施麦粒(Wg)对淡紫拟青霉Paecilomyces lilacinus菌株Ps-266(Ps)防治大豆孢囊线虫Heterodera glycines(SCN)的影响.Ps菌液(2×10⁷CFU/mL) 3000mL/hm²拌加入碎麦粒75kg播前2d,20d和40d处理土壤.播后35d和95d的SCN2龄幼虫、白雌虫和孢囊数量均显著低于Ps单用处理,而大豆产量显著提高(P≤0.05).3个Ps+Wg同剂量处理中,播前40d处理,对SCN幼虫孢囊的控制效果和大豆产量均显著高于播前2d和20d处理.由此揭示了淡紫拟青霉作为线虫生防剂的应用中,时间的提前量和辅料问题值得重视.     

RFLP mapping of a new cereal cyst nematode resistance locus in barley

Cereal cyst nematode (CCN) ( Heterodera avenae Woll.) is an economically damaging pest of barley in many of the worlds cereal growing areas. The development of CCN-resistant cultivars may be accelerated with the application of molecular markers. Three resistance genes against the pest have been mapped previously to chromosome 2 ( Ha 1, Ha 2 and Ha 3). In this study, a third gene present in the Australian barley variety 'Galleon' derived from the landrace 'CI3576' was located. Segregation analysis of CCN resistance data derived from doubled haploid populations of the cross 'Haruna Nijo'×'Galleon' identified a single major locus controlling CCN resistance in the variety 'Galleon'. This locus mapped to the long arm of chromosome 5H estimated to be 6.2 cM from the known function restriction fragment length polymorphism marker XYL (xylanase). While five genes for CCN resistance, including Ha2, have been mapped to group 2 chromosomes in the Triticeae, no gene other than Ha4 has been identified on group 5 chromosomes.     

湖南长沙一季晚稻旱稻孢囊线虫发生动态及危害损失

目的 为了解旱稻孢囊线虫的田间发生动态,明确旱稻孢囊线虫的防治指标。方法 2016–2018年对长沙地区一季晚稻的旱稻孢囊线虫发生规律进行了定期定点调查,采用田间小区接种的方法测定了其不同群体密度下一季晚稻的损失,建立了旱稻孢囊线虫群体密度与产量损失的回归方程。结果 旱稻孢囊线虫发生动态调查结果表明,孢囊高峰期主要出现在水稻分蘖期末、孕穗期和黄熟期,推测旱稻孢囊线虫在长沙地区一季晚稻每年发生3代。小区接种试验测产结果表明,旱稻孢囊线虫对水稻株高、有效穗数、实粒重、结实率等农艺性状产生不利影响;每1mL土壤接种卵量≥4个,旱稻孢囊线虫危害较为严重,被害株实粒重损失在19.4%以上,应采取相应的防治措施。结论 我们分析了旱稻孢囊线虫发生世代数的影响因素和防治指标。研究结果可为指导长沙地区旱稻孢囊线虫防治提供理论依据。     

我国大豆胞囊线虫生理分化动态的鉴定和监测研究

 1994~1995年,对采自我国5省市(区)17个县(市)和其中4个多年重茬种植抗病品种开始感病地区的26个大豆胞囊线虫居群,在国际统一的鉴别品种上进行了生理小种鉴定。共鉴定出1~6个小种。其中6号小种当时为国内新记录;并扩大了1号、2号、3号、5号小种在国内的已知分布范围,生理小种1号在黑龙江、2号在内蒙古、3号在江苏、5号在山东,均为各该省(区)的新记录。而全国则仍以1,3,4号小种分布广,为主要致害小种。还明确监测出近年来在4个重要病区出现的大豆抗病品种持续连作重茬后失抗感病是各自的大豆胞囊线虫生理小种发生变异所致;而连作感病品种却仍为各自的原小种,只是病情加重;由之看出其病地重茬的危害具有两重性。     

中国小黑豆抗源对大豆孢囊线虫4号生理小种抗病的生化反应

抗源品种灰皮支黑豆、元钵黑豆和高感品种鲁豆１号为供试大豆材料，大豆孢囊线虫４号生理小种卵和二龄幼虫为接种物。接种后１７天，测定大豆根部的营养物质和次生代谢物含量。与不接种对照比，抗源品种灰皮支黑豆和元体黑豆根部的总糖含量分别降低２４．９１％和３７．７７％，而感病对照鲁豆１号升高４６．０１％；果糖和麦芽四糖含量在感病对照根上增加幅度较大，分别为１４４．３０％和６２．９０％，但在抗源品种根上或是具有小     

大豆孢囊线虫与寄主植物的相互关系及抗性基因克隆策略

本文概述了大豆孢囊线虫与寄主植物相互作用过程中病原与寄主的相互识别，寄主植物的防御反应的分子机理，提出了克隆大豆孢囊线虫抗性基因的分子策略。     

不同测试条件对燕麦孢囊线虫在小麦上产生孢囊数量的影响

小麦对燕麦孢囊线虫的抗性评价基于根系产生的孢囊数量,为优化小麦抗燕麦孢囊线虫鉴定技术,分别测试了土质类型、接种次数、接种密度、接种苗龄对燕麦孢囊线虫在根系形成孢囊数量的影响。结果表明:燕麦孢囊线虫在砂质粘壤土中产生的孢囊数量最高;对于温麦4号品种,分4次接种处理在小麦根部形成的孢囊数量显著高于分1、2、3次接种处理,但依据传统评价标准,各接种次数处理对其抗性鉴定结果相同,均为高感;每株接1 000头二龄幼虫能较好区分不同抗性程度品种的敏感程度。小麦播后3～6d接种在小麦根部形成的孢囊数量显著高于播种时及播后9～15d接种处理。综合上述结果建议在小麦抗孢囊线虫的鉴定中以采用砂质粘壤土、播后3～6d每株1次性接种1 000二龄幼虫为宜。     

Genetic relationships and isozyme variability in the Heterodera avenae complex determined by isoelectrofocusing

Isozyme variability was assessed among the principal species of the cereal cyst nematode complex to complete and enhance the information provided by classical nematode systematics, in order to clarify inter- and intraspecific relationships within this complex. Twenty populations of cereal cyst nematodes ( Heterodera avenae , H. filipjevi , H. latipons and H. mani ) were compared by means of five different isoenzymatic systems (esterase, malate dehydrogenase, phosphoglucoisomerase, phosphoglucomutase and superoxide dismutase) using isoelectrofocusing (IEF) on the electrophoretic separation. The results are in agreement with previous morphological and biochemical characterizations, which established genetic diversity between the Gotland strain and H. avenae and identified the Gotland strain with H. filipjevi . Populations from Israel, all included in the H. avenae group, exhibited well-defined intraspecific dissimilarity. The highest degree of polymorphism was found in the H. avenae group for all five enzymatic systems studied. The H. mani population was also included in the H. avenae group by these isozyme analyses. Malate dehydrogenase, phosphoglucoisomerase and phosphoglucomutase isozymes, fractionated for the first time by IEF in the cereal cyst nematode complex, displayed a higher level of polymorphism than using conventional electrophoresis. Isoelectric focusing has proved to be a useful tool for detecting genetic diversity within and among species of the cereal cyst nematode complex and for taxonomic purposes.